Vol. 14, No. 2, December-2021http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/81162024-03-28T23:24:00Z2024-03-28T23:24:00ZPension Shortfalls Recovery Techniques in Federal Universities in NigeriaAdeyele, Joshua SolomonMaiturare, Mohammed Nasirudeenhttp://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/81312022-06-02T21:00:41Z2021-12-17T00:00:00ZPension Shortfalls Recovery Techniques in Federal Universities in Nigeria
Adeyele, Joshua Solomon; Maiturare, Mohammed Nasirudeen
Ascertaining the extent of pension liabilities at any point in time is a critical erercise that must be undertaken at regular intervals. As contributions to employees' retirement saving accounts (RSAs) are expected to be made monthly, failure to comply by many employers has resulted to pension shortfalls that needs to be determined so that the beneficiaries ofdefined contribution (DC) scheme are not underpaid when they retire. Carrying out this exercise requires sound actuarial models that capture all funds not remitted as well as returns on expected contributions. Mixed method in terms of primary and secondary data were adoptedfor the study. The models developed in this study systematically account for all accruing benefits to employees in which their employers omitted to pay into their RSAs. Specifically. our findings revealed that out of550 employees from the selected institutions. 260 employees are being owed N191,687,720.46. Based on the pension shortfalls estimate, we concluded that the current members of DC with nofunds being remitted to their retirement saving accounts as and when due risk substantial pension wealth for as long as default continues. Consequently, we recommend that the National Pension Commission (NPC) should come to the aid of affected employees by making sure that employers take deliberate step to repay the estimated liabilities and other outstanding liabilities to their RSAs.
2021-12-17T00:00:00ZDigital Marketing ActivitiesShahriar, Mohammad ShibliIqbal, Mohammed Masumhttp://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/81302022-06-02T21:00:45Z2021-12-17T00:00:00ZDigital Marketing Activities
Shahriar, Mohammad Shibli; Iqbal, Mohammed Masum
This study on a comparative analysis of digital marketing activities of Evaly and Daraz has highlighted strategic comparative analysis of two online supermarket stores in Bangladesh. It has evaluated external characteristics of the marketing environment by using PESTLE analysis and internal characteristics through SWOT analysis. The micro environment of Evaly has been analyzed by idenOing potential digital factors of marketing while Daraz has also been identified by its emerging marketing abilities. Competitive rivalry for both the markets has been found as moderate, which has been formulated through four other marketingforces. The study also highlights operational strategies which can improve digital marketing strategies that are adopted by both the organizations for extension of their digital supermarket. in addition. limitations of the suggested strategies are also explained in the report. In conclusion, major similarities and differences between the operations of two organizations are highlighted. In recommendations, some suggestions have been made forAttire implications for both Evaly and Daraz.
2021-12-17T00:00:00ZThe Effects of Unemployment, Inflation and Interest Rates on the Government Expenditure in the philippinesBienes, Carl VincentDomingo, Patrick MelloPinpin, Arkyl JoshuaCabauatan, Ronaldohttp://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/81292022-06-02T21:00:42Z2021-12-17T00:00:00ZThe Effects of Unemployment, Inflation and Interest Rates on the Government Expenditure in the philippines
Bienes, Carl Vincent; Domingo, Patrick Mello; Pinpin, Arkyl Joshua; Cabauatan, Ronaldo
This study examines the nature and interaction of the government expenditure (GE) and the macroeconomic variables such as unemployment rate (UNEM), inflation rate (IN), and real interest rate (RIR) in the Philippines from 1976 to 2019. This study aims to determine the effect of the macroeconomic variables on GE in the Philippines based on time series data from the World Bank Database. The econometric techniques such as Augmented Dickey•Fuller (ADF), Johansen cointegration test and Granger causality, were used to investigate the relationship that transpires in the variables. The properties of time series were examined through unit root test and the results of the ADE unit root test which showed that the independent variables IN, RIR, and UNEM are stationary at level form. while government expenditure percent of GDP is stationary at first difference. The Johansen cointegration test stated that there exists a long-run relationship between UNEM, IN, RJR and GE. The Granger causality revealed that UNEM, IN. RIR does not cause GE. hence, there is no causation between these variables.
2021-12-17T00:00:00ZA Theoretical Plethora of Modelling Actuarial Risk Aversion CoefficientOgungbenle, Gbenga MichaelZayed, Nurul MohammadHassan, Mohammad ArifImran, Mohammad Alihttp://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/81282022-06-02T21:00:39Z2021-12-17T00:00:00ZA Theoretical Plethora of Modelling Actuarial Risk Aversion Coefficient
Ogungbenle, Gbenga Michael; Zayed, Nurul Mohammad; Hassan, Mohammad Arif; Imran, Mohammad Ali
The goal of the paper is to theoretically evaluate an approximate actuarial aversion risk coefficient in relation to future utility trend and discuss an analytic model for investigating the behaviour of risk aversion random risk together with the infiuence it exerts on utility function. By initiating Newton s process, the result shows that the scheme holder’s risk premium for small actuarially neutral risk , is the product ofhalfofthe aversion and the volatility term. The paper stresses the importance of numerical methods in actuarial risk theory and also brings our attention to risk measurement applications. Furthermore, it describes the procedure of estimating the intensity of aversion co-efficient using numerical algorithm. It relies heavily on the analytic properties of utility function whose gradient function does not vanish. The estimation of aversion coefficient lends credence to risk theory because of its potency to measure riskiness of insurance portfolio guiding both risk manager and scheme holder either or not to assume risk. However, the estimation of aversion involves a model based on the knowledge of differential equation.
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