http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/7244 2026-04-15T09:18:33Z http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/7292 The Challenges of Colonial Historiography to the Study of African and Indian History up to the Second Half of the 20th Century Ibrahim, Shuaibu; Audu, Bem Japhet Colonial historiography has been an ineffective tool in the study colonialism both in African and Indian history. It is a major flaw in the thinking of the Eurocentric writers about the development process of the history of the societies of Africa and India. This development has formed the subject-matter and focus of the paper. The paper’s findings show that contrary to the western basis of history which denigrated the African and Indian past, the development and expression of African and Indian historiography as an ideological wing of nationalist struggle laid a crucial foundation for the reconstruction of their past. The most significant change in the historiography during the second half of the 20th century is the use of discourse and locally grounded narratives to question older paradigms of historical understanding of African and Indian historiography.The paper has advanced the argument that historical consciousness was a factor in Indian and African societies in the pre-colonial period and the tools for its expression grew and expanded only with the different epochs of European activities on the continent, as well as the events of the post-colonial period. This paper used the historical research method, the multidisciplinary approach, intellectual perspectives of history, and secondary sources to achieve the objectives of its focal point. It concludes that African historians must continue to be rigorous in establishing independent views in their writing of the African past. 2020-07-30T00:00:00Z http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/7290 Pro-colonial Impetus versus L1 Interference in Translating the West Rahman, Md. Hamidur Translation involves the interpretation of inner meanings incorporated by the writer. A good translation gives more emphasis on its secondary meaning. If the translation is efficacious in imparting intended meaning, it justifies the translator to be a competent one. For good translation, a translator needs to study both source text, and the culture, norms and values of the source language. Unfortunately, nowadays, translation is more commercial than its social and moral responsibility. A book which wins an international prize, or a regional one recognized by the west, becomes a lucrative target for the commerce. Generally, the publishing houses hire translators. Hence, the translated works lose transparency leaving fidelity on the pages. Since translation is not professionally developed still today, most translations have the direct influence of the native language. Because of syntagmatic and emotional differences between two languages, appropriate meanings are not always ensured in the target language. Individual shift takes place inevitably and the translator willingly or unwillingly inserts his own understanding. This study will show how a translation work faces dual pressures: the selection of the text where pro-colonial thought lurks in the minds of the nonEnglish countries, and the localization of, or L1 interference on, its translation. 2020-07-30T00:00:00Z http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/7289 The Validity of Normative Power in International Politics in the Twenty-First Century Ahmed, Sabbir The concept of “normative power” has emerged, as states continuously looked for additional ways to infuse norms within a system. Normative power refers to the power of governing the creation, deletion, or modification of norms within a system or society, and thus entails a strong power of attraction. As most norms are informal having no legal binding, therefore, they seem to be weak in their application. This raises the question of the effectiveness of normative power in the twenty-first century. However, universality, equality, similarity, necessity, etc. provide the moral justification of norms and help them to be infused within state and social systems. Universality also provides the legitimacy of the use of normative power by its actors across the globe. As the world is changing, therefore, more norms will be created and due to the increased interdependency and connectivity, the necessity of norms will also increase. At the same time without legal binding, norms provide greater flexibility in states’ actions. Therefore, instead of entering into legal binding, states will attach more importance to norms and normative power in the twenty-first century. 2020-07-30T00:00:00Z http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/7288 Hope and Exploitation Sultana, Rifat This paper studies the ambivalent use of Christianity in Solomon Northup’s autobiography Twelve Years A Slave in the context of colonialists interest. Northup laboured for twelve years under different slave owners with one thing in his mind that one-day God will do justice. Several times he is being exploited by the owners by the name of God. Religion is a part of culture where faith and ritual are important but this faith and ritual might be imposed by a dominating or superior culture. An analysis of this memoir with a postcolonial reading, especially under the notion of Aime Cesaire’s ideas from Discourse on Colonialism and Edward Said’s ideas from Culture and Imperialism, will help to examine the religious ambivalence created by a particular culture, imposed by European priests. This memoir is an illustration of religious ambivalence where Christian religion is a part of colonial instrument which has generated hope among people and sometimes people used it for exploitation. 2020-07-30T00:00:00Z