http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/11352 Mon, 27 Apr 2026 00:30:44 GMT 2026-04-27T00:30:44Z http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/11379 1st BDPF International Conference on Sustainable Circular Business, Technology and Societies (ICSCBTS) 2022 BDPF[Corporate Author] Circular Economy (CE) is not only a question of economy, or environment, or even production; it is a triangle. The CE combines concepts such as economy, environment, production, and society. A Circular Economy (often referred to simply as circularity) is an economic system aimed at eliminating waste and the continual use of resources. A circular economy is a system of resource utilization where reduction, reuse, and recycling prevail. A CE is in contrast to the traditional linear economy. The economy of Bangladesh has been linear for a long time, where raw materials are used to make a product. After its use, any waste, such as packaging, is thrown away into the environment since the environment is considered a free ride in a linear economy. However, we are consuming a finite supply of material resources, producing toxic waste for the environment, which can't be continued for long. It is time to break from the 'take-make-use-dispose' pattern of growth. The concept of 'circular economy (CE)' is about closing this loop. It is based on the principle of a natural ecosystem where there is no waste output focusing on reducing, reusing, and recycling the elements. CE follows the 'Raw material-design-the production- remanufacturing-distribution-consumption-repair-reuse-residual waste-recycling' growth pattern. In Bangladesh, to ensure the required food, water, and prosperity in the coming years, it is high time to switch from a linear to a circular economy for some reasons, such as the large population and its impact on the environment, constraints of resources, and protection of the environment from all kinds of pollution such as Bangladesh is now one of the top twenty plastic polluting countries in the world. Sat, 05 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/11379 2022-11-05T00:00:00Z http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/11376 Governance of Social Safety Net Programs, Responding to Emergencies in Bangladesh Saifullah, AKM Social Safety Net Programs (SSNP) in any given setting have been in place to realize twin objective of protecting vulnerable citizens from falling to poverty beyond a certain level through redistribution and coping with natural calamities. In Bangladesh SSNPs are the services the successive governments have been delivering for decades in different forms. These SSNPs are of different types including Cash grants, food supplies and other forms of targeted benefits. These SSNPs are usually sponsored by different line ministries through their nation building departments at sub-national level. However, Union Parishads, the lowest tier of local government bodies in Bangladesh are made responsible for making these distribute to the target beneficiaries by making list according to the SSNP specific selection criteria. Needless to say, in Bangladesh long-term SSNPs are being delivered by a range of ministries, including the Ministry of Social Welfare, Ministry of Primary and Mass Education, and Ministry of Women and Children's Affairs. The SSNPs of emergency type are being delivered by the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief and some of the SSNPs that involve food transfers are usually led by the Ministry of Food. For governance and coordination, the GOB under its National Social Security Strategy (NSSS) has introduced a cluster approach across the implementing ministries. The five thematic clusters are - social allowance, food security and disaster assistance, social insurance, labor/livelihood interventions, and human development and social empowerment. The Cabinet Secretary headed Central Management Committee, an inter-ministerial body responsible for overseeing functions of these clusters who are supposed to meet quarterly. Besides the ministry initiatives, the PM's cash support scheme during COVID pandemic was conceptualized and implemented by the PM's office with extended support from the MODMR, the ICT Division, and the Finance Division. While the PM's initiative was aimed at addressing the emergency issues of the households affected by COVID pandemic due to loss of job or livelihoods, the modified guidelines limited its scope by stating that those families already receiving any of the existing SSNP benefits i.e. OMS, FFP, VGD, and/or VGF (for fishermen) would not be eligible for the COVID 19 humanitarian support program. With all attempts on part of the government a CPD study in 2020 revealed that around 65.6 per cent of the country's households that receive financial assistance under the government's SSNPs were ineligible for the scheme as they belong to the non-poor category. The same study and some other studies also identified inefficiency in beneficiary selection due to political consideration and nepotism. The rate of inefficiency was hire where the benefits were for longer period of time as mentioned in those studies. GOB has initiated some of the good initiatives to harmonize SSNPs beneficiary listing and overcoming the inherent weakness in the process by taking advantage of the National Household Database (NHD) of the Bureau of Statistics, digitalized Beneficiary registries by ministries concerned, SPBMU MIS by the Finance Division and National ID Database maintained by the Election Commission of Bangladesh. The benefits of these initiatives are yet to be materialized due primarily delay of the functionality of those in the ground. The paper was an attempt to identity the gaps and lapses in beneficiary selection and how better governance of SSNPs would ensure the best possible outcomes for vulnerable and deserving people in realizing the intent of such programs. Sat, 05 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/11376 2022-11-05T00:00:00Z http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/11375 Carbon Stocks of Homestead Forests Have a Mitigation Potential to Climate Change Baul, Tarit Kumar; Peuly, Tajkera Akhter; Nandi, Rajasree; Schmidt, Lars Holger; Karmakar, Shyamal Homestead forests of Bangladesh (0.27 million ha land) have potential of providing co-benefits of conserving biodiversity and storing carbon (C). The study aimed to estimate C stocks and how stand structure affects the tree biomass C in homestead forests of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh. A total of 176 homestead forests at three altitudes in the CHT were randomly surveyed. All woody vegetations were measured, and litter and soil (0–30 cm depth) were sampled. The results show that the above- and below-ground tree biomass C stock in the top two altitude forests was up to 37-48% higher than in low altitude, due to significantly higher tree density and species diversity. An increase in species diversity index by one unit increased the biomass stock by 23 Mg C ha 1. The C stock of litter fall in low altitude forests was 22-28% higher than in the top two altitude owing to the deposition of litters downslope by gravity and deliberate use of pruned materials as mulch for soil improvement and conservation, resulting in up to 5% higher total soil C. The topsoil C was 10–25% higher than the deeper soil, depending on the altitude. The forest stored a total of 71 tree species and 89 Mg C ha1, which can contribute to climate change mitigation while conserving biodiversity, moisture, and hill soil in small-scale forests. This study would help policymakers to strengthen the recognition of small-scale forests for mitigation in REDD+ (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) by generating C credits for owners from sustainably managed forests. Sat, 05 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/11375 2022-11-05T00:00:00Z http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/11374 International Opportunity Development for Small and Medium Industries of Developing Countries Al-Amin, Syeedul; Mohiuddin, Dr. Muhammad Business is meant for exploiting opportunities with the given resources for making profit. In today's digital world, any business can exploit markets of everywhere with the help of network. The network theory states that organizations of any kind do not follow the step-by-step process for making itself international; rather, the organizations become internationalized with the help of network partners. We know that networking is the backbone for developing and functioning of the relationship among enterprises working in native and foreign countries for doing business by which firms develop interdependent relationships for achieving resources, capabilities, special quality and new business opportunities. The small and medium enterprises of developing countries may use a network model for searching international opportunities. But the question is that is there any suitable network model for them or do they need any special network model for effective international opportunity development? This query is addressed here. The aim of the study is to design a network model for international opportunity development for the small and medium enterprises of developing countries. It further assessed the nature and consequences of that network model for searching such international opportunities for small and medium enterprises of developing countries. The model will help policy makers to develop support services for such enterprises to exploit opportunities for the benefit of them as well as for the country. Sat, 05 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/11374 2022-11-05T00:00:00Z