Articles

Numerical modeling of a MHD non-linear radiative Maxwell nano fluid with activation energy

Tue, 30 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Numerical modeling of a MHD non-linear radiative Maxwell nano fluid with activation energy Ahmed, Fariha; Reza-E-Rabbi, Sk; Yousuf Ali, Md; Ershad Ali, Lasker; Islam, Ariful; Rahman, Md Azizur; Roy, Raju; Islam, Md Rafiqul; Ahmmed, Sarder Firoz The present research explores linear as well as nonlinear radiation patterns based on the MHD non-Newtonian (Maxwell) nanofluid flow having Arrhenius activation energy. This study's core focus is MHD properties in non-Newtonian fluid dynamics and boundary layer phenomena analysis. It initiates with time-dependent equations, employing boundary layer approximations. Extensive numerical computations, executed with custom Compact Visual Fortran code and the EFD method, provide profound insights into non-Newtonian fluid behavior, revealing intricate force interactions and fluid patterns. To check the stability of the solution, a convergence and stability analysis is performed. With the values of ΔY = 0.25, Δτ = 0.0005, and ΔX = 0.20; it is found that the model convergence occurs to the Lewis number, Le > 0.016 as well as the Prandtl number, Pr > 0.08. In this context, investigating non-dimensional results that depend on multiple physical factors. Explanation and visual representations of the effects of different physical characteristics and their resultant temperatures, concentrations, and velocity profiles are provided. As a result of the illustrations, the skin friction coefficient and Sherwood number, which are calculated, as well as Nusselt values, have all come up in discussion. Additionally, detailed representations of isothermal lines and streamlines are implemented, and it is pointed out that the development of these features occurs at the same time as Brownian motion. Furthermore, the temperature field for Maxwell fluid is modified due to the impression of chemical reaction as well as the Dufour number (Kr and Du). Our research demonstrates the superior performance of non-Newtonian solutions, notably in cases involving activation energy and nonlinear radiation. This paradigm shift carries significant implications. In another context, the interplay between Maxwell fluid and nonlinear radiation is notably affected by activation energy, offering promising applications in fields like medicine and industry, particularly in groundbreaking cancer treatment approaches. Article

Investigating soil physicochemical factors influencing trace element contamination at the semi-urban-rural home gardening interfaces on the Fiji Islands

Sun, 15 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Investigating soil physicochemical factors influencing trace element contamination at the semi-urban-rural home gardening interfaces on the Fiji Islands Chand, Vimlesh; Md Towfiqul Islam, Abu Reza; Mia, Md Yousuf; Saiful Islam, Md; Al Masud, Md Abdullah; Khan, Rahat; Chandra Pal, Subodh; Singh, Sudhir Kumar Due to its ecological and public health implications, home gardening soil pollution is challenging. However, the physicochemical factors of trace element pollution in semi-urban-rural home gardening soil interfaces in Fiji are unclear. Self-organizing map (SOM), chemometrics, compositional data analysis (CDA), and soil quality indices were used to evaluate spatial patterns, contamination characteristics, sources, and factors affecting trace element contamination in 55 soil samples from semi-urban and rural Fiji. The average contents of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable forms of trace element levels (mg/kg) increased in rural areas as Fe (55.7) > Mn (40.4) > Zn (9.4) > Cu (5.9) and semi-urban areas as Fe (55.2) > Zn (35.9) > Mn (37.1) > Cu (16.1). Rural soils have less ecological risks to home gardening than semi-urban soils. SOM and CDA analysis showed four spatial clusters: clusters 1 and 3 are natural geogenic in rural regions while clusters 2 and 4 are human-induced non-point sources in semi-urban areas. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that semi-urban Cu-Zn was more affected by manufacturing emissions or fertilization, whereas rural Fe-Mn was more likely to be lithogenic. The research found that pH and organic matter significantly affect Cu and Zn pollution in semi-urban soils (p < 0.05). For rural and semi-urban soils, trace element subsets explained 44 %–87 % of soil contamination changes using the stepwise regression model. These findings aid to establishing a primary database of eco-environmental risks and facilitate comprehensive strategies for assessing soil contamination and potential threats to food safety. Article

Electrocoagulation-based wastewater treatment process and significance of anode materials for the overall improvement of the process: A critical review

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Electrocoagulation-based wastewater treatment process and significance of anode materials for the overall improvement of the process: A critical review Sadaf, Shoumik; Roy, Hridoy; Fariha, Athkia; Rahman, Tanzim Ur; Tasnim, Nishat; Jahan, Nusrat; Sokan-Adeaga, Adewale Allen; Safwat, Safwat M.; Islam, Md Shahinoor The electrocoagulation (EC) technique has been thoroughly investigated over the last decade in several reviews. The selection and modification of anode materials play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of the EC process. This paper sheds light on an overview of the EC process, its principle, mechanism, and applications in wastewater treatment, mainly based on different anode materials and their applicability in various industries. It then discusses the importance of anode material selection and modification, emphasizing surface modification techniques such as conducting polymer and nanopolymer composite coating. These techniques aim to improve the anode's electrochemical properties and performance in wastewater treatment. Furthermore, this review conducts a comprehensive cost analysis of the EC process, considering equipment, energy consumption, maintenance, and chemical requirements along with different electrode materials. Cost-effective strategies for implementing EC-based wastewater treatment systems are discussed, highlighting the importance of considering long-term operational costs and environmental impacts. The review also provides future perspective recommendations for advancing the field of EC-based wastewater treatment. It suggests areas for further research, such as developing novel anode materials, optimizing surface modification techniques, and integrating EC with other treatment processes, such as wireless EC and nano-filtration, for improved efficiency. Article

Internet of Things-Driven Precision in Fish Farming: A Deep Dive into Automated Temperature, Oxygen, and pH Regulation

Sat, 12 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT

Internet of Things-Driven Precision in Fish Farming: A Deep Dive into Automated Temperature, Oxygen, and pH Regulation Nayoun, Md. Naymul Islam; Hossain, Syed Akhter; Rezaul, Karim Mohammed; Noor e Alam Siddiquee, Kazy; Shabiul Islam, Md.; Jannat, Tajnuva The research introduces a revolutionary Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for fish farming, designed to significantly enhance efficiency and cost-effectiveness. By integrating the NodeMcu12E ESP8266 microcontroller, this system automates the management of critical water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, and oxygen levels, essential for fostering optimal fish growth conditions and minimizing mortality rates. The core of this innovation lies in its intelligent monitoring and control mechanism, which not only supports accelerated fish development but also ensures the robustness of the farming process through automated adjustments whenever the monitored parameters deviate from desired thresholds. This smart fish farming solution features an Arduino IoT cloud-based framework, offering a user-friendly web interface that enables fish farmers to remotely monitor and manage their operations from any global location. This aspect of the system emphasizes the importance of efficient information management and the transformation of sensor data into actionable insights, thereby reducing the need for constant human oversight and significantly increasing operational reliability. The autonomous functionality of the system is a key highlight, designed to persist in adjusting the environmental conditions within the fish farm until the optimal parameters are restored. This capability greatly diminishes the risks associated with manual monitoring and adjustments, allowing even those with limited expertise in aquaculture to achieve high levels of production efficiency and sustainability. By leveraging data-driven technologies and IoT innovations, this study not only addresses the immediate needs of the fish farming industry but also contributes to solving the broader global challenge of protein production. It presents a scalable and accessible approach to modern aquaculture, empowering stakeholders to maximize output and minimize risks associated with fish farming, thereby paving the way for a more sustainable and efficient future in the global food supply. Article