Metamaterials for Antenna Band Frequency Improvement

Abstract

Metamaterials are metal alloys with properties not generally seen in naturally occurring materials. Certain features, such as the ability to bend light or radio waves in a direction different from that of a standard material, are produced by the materials' unusual structural structure. They are widely used to alter energy waves of various types, including as light and sound. They are frequently used to modify energy waves of many kinds, including light, sound, and others. They were constructed with certain electromagnetic characteristics in mind. Components including waveguides, resonators, and filters are built using magnetic materials such as metals, crystals, and ceramics. As a result, to increase bandwidth and gain and reduce the size of traditional patch antennas, metamaterial structures are often loaded on or near the patch, implanted in the substrate, loaded from the ground plane, or etched off the ground plane. The use of metamaterials has enhanced the directivity, gain, bandwidth, and efficiency of antenna design in a variety of ways. The features of the metamaterials must be altered throughout the design process in order to ensure that the desired performance is reached. Two WLAN antennas diameters and bandwidths at the same 2.413 GHz resonance frequency before and after employing MTMs. When it reduces 20% of its size it gains 40% more frequency. Numerous antenna systems have been scaled down using methods including deformation, shorting walls, shorting pins, high-permittivity dielectric substrates, and others. Metamaterials have been widely used in the creation of antennas due to their distinctive electromagnetic properties. Electromagnetic metamaterials enable the design to perform better in terms of gain, directivity, bandwidth, and size reduction. The most recent research on the application of metamaterials to enhance antenna performance has been investigated and discussed in this study.