Abstract:
Probiotics are live microorganisms that offer several health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. They are found in several fermented foods and dietary supplements. The objective of this literature review is to evaluate and synthesize the existing research on probiotics, focusing on their mechanisms of action, efficacy, safety, and potential clinical applications. The present study is a literature review that evaluated the current research and reviews on the health, safety, and benefits of probiotics for human and animal health. It can be concluded that, probiotics are being recognized as a promising dietary supplement that can positively impact human health by regulating the gut microbiome. Probiotics have shown promise in reducing the risk and severity of several diseases, including diarrhea, respiratory infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver disease. Additionally, probiotics may have a positive effect on mental health and cognitive function. However, there are limitations to the current research, including methodological and interpretational issues. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action of probiotics and to investigate their potential benefits in different populations and for specific health outcomes. Overall, probiotics have significant nutritional and health potential and may be a useful addition to a healthy diet and lifestyle. The reviewed literature indicates that probiotics can potentially modulate several axes, including the gut-brain axis, gut-liver axis, and metabolism, thereby affecting mental health, liver function, and insulin sensitivity. However, there are still some limitations in the studies conducted to date, and further research is needed to fully understand the impact of probiotics on specific health outcomes in different populations and age groups. Despite these limitations, incorporating probiotics into a healthy diet may provide a useful strategy for maintaining overall health and well-being.
Keywords: Probiotics, gut microbiome, health, immune system, metabolism, brain function, liver function, prebiotics, fermentation, microbial diversity.
