A Review Article on Viral Hepatitis, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

Abstract

Hepatitis is a liver infectious disease. Liver infection mainly cause by hepatitis A, B, C, D and E virous[1]. Other cause also presents, like alcohol, some medicine and others. Hepatitis A & E mainly cause acute infection and they are self-limiting disease but hepatitis B, C, D are most dangerous virous[1][2]. These virous can create chronic infection and make liver cirrhosis & cancer. Hepatitis D infection occurs when hepatitis B infection already present previously[1][3]. Hepatitis D infection are two type one is coinfection and other is super infection. Hepatitis A and normally cause acute infection[2][11].Hepatitis E virous and hepatitis C virous do not have vaccine but others hepatitis A, B, D have vaccine[12]. If we treat hepatitis B, hepatitis D will treat automatic. Because hepatitis D infection is a co-infection[30]. There are many medicine discovered to treat hepatitis B and C[22]. like Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors (for hepatitis B) like lamivudine, entecauin, Tenofovir disoproxil fumara, emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide ( NRTI’S) and adefovir, tenofovir (NTRIT’S) and also IFN-ALFA[44][55]. And For hepatitis C virous discovered many drug like 1. protease inhibitors( simeprevir, paritaprevir) 2. NS5A inhibitors (ledipasvir, velpatasvir) 3.NS5D inhibitors (sofosbuvir, dasabuvir) 4. Ribavirin[78]. Worldwide in 2015, hepatitis A occurred in about 114 million people, chronic hepatitis B affected about 343 million people and chronic hepatitis C about 142 million people[81][66]. In the United States, NASH affects about 11 million people and alcoholic hepatitis affects about 5 million people[33]. Hepatitis results in more than a million deaths a year, most of which occur indirectly from liver scarring or liver cancer. In the United States, hepatitis A is estimated to occur in about 2,500 people a year and results in about 75 deaths. The word is derived from the Greek hêpar meaning liver and -itis meaning inflammation[61].