Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (Pcos): Pathophysiology, Potential Links to the Gut Microbiota and Current Treatment Strategies for Women

Abstract

Women of reproductive age are frequently affected by the endocrine condition polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a complicated and multifaceted pathophysiology that includes hormone abnormalities, insulin resistance, hereditary, and environmental variables. Recent research has revealed a potential connection between PCOS and the gut microbiota, suggesting that dysbiosis of gut microbes may be involved in the onset and development of the condition. Currently available PCOS treatment options include pharmaceutical therapies like metformin and oral contraceptives, as well as lifestyle changes including diet and exercise. The efficacy of these treatments is frequently constrained, and they may also have negative side effects. Therefore, there is a need for more investigation into cutting-edge therapeutic alternatives that focus on the pathophysiology underpinning PCOS. An overview of the pathophysiology of PCOS will be provided in this review paper, with a special emphasis on any possible connections to the gut flora. Additionally, it analyzes PCOS treatment options currently available and emphasizes their shortcomings. Finally, the report discusses possible future lines of inquiry, such as the creation of PCOS management strategies based on microbiome research. This review's overall objective is to give readers a thorough grasp of PCOS and any possible connections between it and the gut microbiota, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the treatment outcomes for those who are affected. Keywords: polycystic ovarian syndrome, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, gut microbiota, metformin.