Abstract:
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders characterized by an abnormal
immune response against self-antigens, leading to tissue damage and organ
dysfunction. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the underlying
mechanisms and the development of novel therapies, autoimmune diseases
continue to pose significant challenges for both patients and clinicians. This paper
provides a comprehensive review of the current treatment options for autoimmune
diseases, including non-pharmacological approaches, conventional diseasemodifying
anti-rheumatic drugs, biologic therapies, and emerging therapies. The
paper discusses the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety profiles of these
therapies, as well as the challenges associated with their use, such as drug
resistance and adverse events.
The review also highlights the importance of personalized medicine in the
treatment of autoimmune diseases, given the heterogeneity of disease
manifestations and patient responses to therapy. Finally, the paper provides an
overview of the current gaps in our knowledge and areas for future research in the
field of autoimmune diseases.
