Literature Review on Recent Outbreak of Monkey Pox

Abstract

Background: An ongoing outbreak of monkey pox, a viral disease then commonly known as “monkey pox”, was confirmed in May 2022. Some of the symptoms include a high temperature, enlarged lymph nodes, and a rash that starts out as blisters before becoming crusty. A more recent vaccine for smallpox and monkey pox that is based on modified vaccinia Ankara has been given the green light for use, but there is only a limited supply of it. Objectives: The present article focuses on the death caused by monkey pox globally, clinical characteristics of monkey pox, therapies for the management of monkey pox. Method: A framework of research methodologies, as well as methods for gathering and analyzing data, is provided by a methodological review. A search was done using keywords such "Monkey pox and Smallpox," "therapies of monkey pox,” in online search engines, academic bibliographic databases, PubMed, and Medline. Results: In 2022, monkey pox spread widely, with most victims residing in Africa. The incubation times for smallpox, monkey pox, and varicella are 7–17 days, 10–21 days, and 10–21 days, respectively. Smallpox, monkey pox, and varicella all cause rashes that last 14–28 days, 10–21 days, and 10–21 days, respectively. Smallpox and monkey pox prodromal fevers reach fever levels of over 40°C, whereas varicella prodromal fever is mild. Moreover, the varicella virus increases body temperatures to a maximum of 38.8°C, which are often between 38.5°C and 40.5°C. According to a review study, the first antiviral authorized for the treatment of smallpox in adults and pediatric patients weighing at least 3 kg is Tecovirimat (also known as TPOXX or ST-246), which is regarded as the preferred treatment. Conclusion: Monkey pox is a rare viral disease that mostly affects remote areas of Central and West Africa. One technique of protection is avoiding contact with animals that might be infected with the virus. There is a monkey pox vaccine, however it is mostly used in clinical and laboratory settings and is not often available to the general public.