Comprehensive Skin Lesion Analysis System: Integrating Machine Learning and Customized CNN Models for Dermatological Conditions

Abstract

Human body's largest organ, the skin, acts as a barrier between the internal organs and the external environment. It contributes significantly towards sensory perception, vitamin D synthesis, and immune defense. Skin lesions are abnormalities that occur on the skin, such as growths, bumps, discolorations, or wounds and are distinct from the adjacent tissues. These can be brought on by a variety of conditions, including underlying ailments, trauma, allergies, and infections. Skin lesion can appear on many regions of the body and can vary in size, shape, or texture. There are primary and secondary skin lesions, respectively. Primary skin lesions are abnormal skin conditions that can develop over a person's lifetime or be present at birth. Primary skin lesions that have been navigated or inflamed will lead to secondary skin lesions. While the majority of skin lesions are benign and painless, some of them are malignant and have the potential risk of transforming into skin cancer. Unrepaired deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in skin cells results in genetic flaws or mutations on the skin, which ultimately causes skin cancer[1]. Skin cancer is by definition a malignant skin lesion. While each type of skin cancer has own characteristics, typical indications of skin cancer can include quickly expanding skin lesions, changes in the color or size of an already-existing lesion, a sore that won't heal or one that does but then comes back, the underside of a nail may have a brown or black stripe. A person of any ethnicity or gender can develop skin cancer. Though some groups benefit from it more than others. However, certain groups experience it far more frequently than others such as non-Hispanic white people. It affects women more frequently than men before the age of 50. The prevalence of it increases in men beyond the age of 50 also in the united states approximately 9,500 people are diagnosed with skin cancer everyday[2].In individuals with darker skin tones, skin cancer is frequently discovered in its later stages, when it is more challenging to treat. Skin cancer can be either melanoma type or non-melanoma type. On-melanoma includes basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma which rarely spreads to another part of the body. A medical practitioner may do a number of tests to diagnose cancer, including: Visual examination, dermatoscopy (a procedure that ©Daffodil International University 2 involves studying the lesion using a dermatoscope,). Imaging tests such a CT scan, MRI, or PET scan, as well as biopsies (removing a small fragment of the lesion for inspection).skin cancer has the tendency to frequently spread to other organs of the body and this phase becomes more deadly and less curable than the first stages. Therefore, if it is discovered early it has a better chance of being completely cured. Due apparent resemblance between several lesions, efficient identification of it is often vigorous even for healthcare providers and it if often time consuming to diagnose the cancer. It takes about 2 to 3 weeks to get the results of your biopsy which is a long period. This study will act as an aid of the healthcare professionals to help them distinguish different lesion and categorize them as either harmful and non non-harmful. this project is saves time in diagnosis also serves the most accurate results.