Abstract:
Immunotherapy, which stimulates the body’s immune system, has received a considerable
amount of press in recent years because of its powerful benefits. Cancer immunotherapy has shown
long-term results in patients with advanced disease that are not seen with traditional chemotherapy.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines like interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha (IFN), and
the cancer vaccine sipuleucel-T have all been licensed and approved by the FDA for the treatment
of various cancers. These immunotherapy treatments boost anticancer responses by stimulating
the immune system. As a result, they have the potential to cause serious, even fatal, inflammatory
and immune-related side effects in one or more organs. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs)
and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy are two immunotherapy treatments that are
increasingly being used to treat cancer. Following their widespread usage in the clinic, a wave of
immune-related adverse events (irAEs) impacting virtually every system has raised concerns about
their unpredictability and randomness. Despite the fact that the majority of adverse effects are
minimal and should be addressed with prudence, the risk of life-threatening complications exists.
Although most adverse events are small and should be treated with caution, the risk of life-threatening
toxicities should not be underestimated, especially given the subtle and unusual indications that
make early detection even more difficult. Treatment for these issues is difficult and necessitates a
multidisciplinary approach involving not only oncologists but also other internal medicine doctors to
guarantee quick diagnosis and treatment. This study’s purpose is to give a fundamental overview of
immunotherapy and cancer-related side effect management strategies.
