Abstract:
In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding the
development of the gut microbiota and its internal and external effects on the intestine, as
well as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as metabolic syndrome. The
intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. Recent studies revealed
that the gut microbiota can affect the host body. CVDs are a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality, and patients favor death over chronic kidney disease. For the function of gut
microbiota in the host, molecules have to penetrate the intestinal epithelium or the surface
cells of the host. Gut microbiota can utilize trimethylamine, N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids,
and primary and secondary bile acid pathways. By affecting these living cells, the gut
microbiota can cause heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial fibrosis,
myocardial infarction, and coronary artery disease. Previous studies of the gut microbiota
and its relation to stroke pathogenesis and its consequences can provide new therapeutic
prospects. This review highlights the interplay between the microbiota and its metabolites and
addresses related interventions for the treatment of CVDs.
