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Early Childhood Developmental Status and Its Associated Factors in Bangladesh: A Comparison of Two Consecutive Nationally Representative Surveys

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dc.contributor.author Hasan, Mohammad Nayeem
dc.contributor.author Babu, Md. Rashed
dc.contributor.author Chowdhury, Muhammad Abdul Baker
dc.contributor.author Rahman, Mohammad Meshbahur
dc.contributor.author Hasan, Nafiul
dc.contributor.author Kabir, Russell
dc.contributor.author Uddin, Md Jamal
dc.date.accessioned 2024-05-23T06:05:57Z
dc.date.available 2024-05-23T06:05:57Z
dc.date.issued 2023-04-12
dc.identifier.uri http://dspace.daffodilvarsity.edu.bd:8080/handle/123456789/12435
dc.description.abstract Background Inadequate cognitive and socio-emotional development in children leads to physical and mental illness. We aimed to investigate the status of early childhood development (ECD) and its associated factors. Additionally, aimed to compare the changes of significantly associated factors using two multiple indicator cluster surveys (MICS) in Bangladesh. Methods We used data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) 2012 and 2019 nationally representative surveys. A total of 17,494 children aged 36–59 months were included in the analysis. The outcome variable was ECD status: either developmentally on-track or not. We used bivariable analysis and crude and adjusted multivariable logistic models to assess the ECD status and its associated factors. Results Comparing both MICS surveys, the overall and individual domains of ECD status improved from 2012 (65.46%) to 2019 (74.86%), and the indicators of child literacy-numeracy domain improved from 21.2 to 28.8%, physical domain improved from 92.2 to 98.4%, and social-emotional domain improved from 68.4 to 72.7%. The learning approach domain was 87.5% in 2012 and increased to 91.4% in 2019. According to the adjusted logistic model in both surveys (2012 and 2019), the age of 4 years had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.61 and 1.78 times higher developmentally on track than the age of 3. Female children were 1.42 (in 2012) and 1.44 (in 2019) times more developmentally on track than males. Compared to mothers with only primary education, children raised by mothers with secondary or higher education were 1.77 and 1.50 times more on track in their development. Moreover, Children from affluent families had 1.32- and 1.26 times higher odds- on track than those from the poorest families. Families with books had 1.50 and 1.53 times higher developmentally on track than their counterparts. Conclusion and recommendation In summary, our study shows that the overall ECD status improved between MICS 2012 and MICS 2019. Important factors influence ECD status, including early childhood education programs, families’ possession of children’s books, mothers’ educational level, and wealth index. The findings of our study will help making necessary public health-related initiatives in Bangladesh to improve ECD program en_US
dc.language.iso en_US en_US
dc.publisher Springer en_US
dc.subject Childhood en_US
dc.subject Public health en_US
dc.subject Education en_US
dc.title Early Childhood Developmental Status and Its Associated Factors in Bangladesh: A Comparison of Two Consecutive Nationally Representative Surveys en_US
dc.type Article en_US


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