Abstract:
Purpose An automated computerized approach can aid radiologists in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. In this study, a
novel method is proposed for classifying breast tumors into benign and malignant, based on the ultrasound images through
a Graph Neural Network (GNN) model utilizing clinically significant features.
Method Ten informative features are extracted from the region of interest (ROI), based on the radiologists’ diagnosis mark-
ers. The significance of the features is evaluated using density plot and T test statistical analysis method. A feature table is
generated where each row represents individual image, considered as node, and the edges between the nodes are denoted
by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient. A graph dataset is generated and fed into the GNN model. The model
is configured through ablation study and Bayesian optimization. The optimized model is then evaluated with different cor-
relation thresholds for getting the highest performance with a shallow graph. The performance consistency is validated with
k-fold cross validation. The impact of utilizing ROIs and handcrafted features for breast tumor classification is evaluated
by comparing the model’s performance with Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) descriptor features from the entire
ultrasound image. Lastly, a clustering-based analysis is performed to generate a new filtered graph, considering weak and
strong relationships of the nodes, based on the similarities.
Results The results indicate that with a threshold value of 0.95, the GNN model achieves the highest test accuracy of 99.48%,
precision and recall of 100%, and F1 score of 99.28%, reducing the number of edges by 85.5%. The GNN model’s perfor-
mance is 86.91%, considering no threshold value for the graph generated from HOG descriptor features. Different threshold
values for the Spearman’s correlation score are experimented with and the performance is compared. No significant differ-
ences are observed between the previous graph and the filtered graph.
Conclusion The proposed approach might aid the radiologists in effective diagnosing and learning tumor pattern of breast cancer.
