Study on Electroencephalography (EEG) Past, Present, Future

Abstract

The field of electroencephalography (EEG) has witnessed a dramatic development during the last decade. Electroencephalography (EEG) has been in continuous development over at least 70 years and is firmly established as a tool in the management of epilepsy. The electroencephalogram that had been principally used as a ‘post-hoc’ diagnostic procedure is now fully used as an ‘on-line’ monitor of neural function with its excellent temporal resolution.

For a while, the technique fell into disregard because of difficulties with interpretation, specificity and sensitivity. Whilst clinicians have to be aware of these problems, they have been largely addressed by recent computer digitization of signals, which permits longer standard recordings and monitoring linked to a simultaneous video. Neurophysiological monitoring in the operating room, neurological intensive care unit (ICU) and during endovascular procedures allows early identification of impending neurological deficits before irreversible neurological impairment.

These techniques are not only an essential component of a specialist epilepsy service, where inpatient video-EEG telemetry is vital both for diagnosis and assessment before neurosurgical treatment, but also in general and acute medical settings, particularly for the management of status epilepticus. Further developments in computing will extend the use of EEG in all of these roles and long-term monitoring for diagnosis and management of coma will become more widely available. The advent of digital EEG with digital storage and the ability to manipulate data with digital reformatting, filter and sensitivity changes has allowed us to maximize the information and reduce artifacts. These changes have revolutionized the way in which EEG is performed and interpreted.