Review on Current Status and Treatment Option of Thalassemia in Bangladesh

Abstract

Thalassemia, a hereditary blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production, poses significant health challenges in Bangladesh. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and treatment options available for thalassemia in the country. The review explores the epidemiology of thalassemia in Bangladesh, highlighting the high carrier rate and the socio-economic impact on affected families. Current treatment options, including blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation, are critically examined. Additionally, the review discusses the emerging role of gene therapy and prenatal diagnosis in managing the disorder. Challenges such as limited healthcare resources, lack of awareness, and inadequate screening programs are identified, underscoring the need for comprehensive national strategies. Approximately 77.3% of patients were diagnosed with HbE beta thalassemia, while nearly 15% had beta thalassemia major. Around 41.1% of TDT patients required blood transfusions every 2-4 weeks. Due to incomplete medical records, transfusion history was missing for 115 diagnosed cases (approximately 9.7% of all cases). In our study, over 62% of HbE beta thalassemia patients were treated as TDT, while about 28% were NTDT. In Bangladesh, 85% of blood is donated by patients' relatives and friends, with the remaining 15% from voluntary donors. Studies indicate that the prevalence of HCV among frequently transfused thalassemia patients ranges from 3% to 67.3%. The review concludes by emphasizing the importance of public health initiatives, community education, and government support in improving the prognosis and quality of life for thalassemia patients in Bangladesh.