A Review on the role of Exosomes & Micro vesicles in Cancer Formation with Therapeutic Application

Abstract

Cancer is a complicated group of disorders characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and spread of abnormal cells. These abnormal cells can infiltrate and destroy healthy tissues and organs, potentially leading to death. Cancer can be caused by genetic mutations, exposure to chemicals, radiation, tobacco smoke, and lifestyle choices. Over 100 distinct forms exist, each with unique traits, available therapies, and prognosis. This review project explores the relationship between cancer and exosomes and micro vesicles, two extracellular vesicles of different sizes, and their roles in carcinogenesis. Exosomes and micro vesicles are linked to cancer advancement through immune surveillance evasion, angiogenesis promotion, tumor microenvironment modification, and metastasis facilitation. They also carry oncogenic cargo such as proteins, nucleic acids, & lipids that can alter recipient cell function and contribute to the malignant phenotype. Understanding the unique functions of exosomes and micro vesicles in cancer etiology is crucial to understand the intricate interactions between tumor cells and their surrounding milieu. Additionally, since exosomes and micro vesicles reflect the molecular profile of the tumor, they show potential as diagnostic biomarkers for cancer identification and surveillance. The purpose of this project is to understand the causes of cancer and how to treat it. The information was gathered from several sources, including PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, CrossRef, and others. The publications from which the data were gathered were published between 2000 and 2024. Furthermore, focusing on the synthesis or function of exosomes and micro vesicles offers a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. Determining the precise roles that exosomes and micro vesicles play in the various phases of cancer development, as well as creating efficient treatment plans that specifically target these vesicles, are still difficult tasks. Further investigation into the relationship between micro vesicles, exosomes, and cancer may provide new understandings of tumor biology and eventually better ways to diagnose and treat cancer patients.