Survey on the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Treatment Patterns of Osteoarthritis in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects articular cartilage and has a complex origin. Knee osteoarthritis reduces quality of life by generating physical symptoms that make daily activities difficult to do. Most people put off visiting medical institutions to receive treatment for diseases related to their musculoskeletal system. A complex interaction between genetic predisposition, biochemical changes in joint tissue, mechanical stress, and inflammation characterizes the pathogenesis. Common symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA) include joint stiffness after inactivity, pain during movement, and, in more severe situations, joint deformity. Age, obesity, joint damage, and heredity are risk factors. A mix of imaging techniques, including x-rays, joint fluid tests, and clinical patient evaluation, are used to make the diagnosis. The goals of management techniques are to enhance joint function, lessen pain, and maintain quality of life. Weight control, physical therapy, exercise, and assistive technology are examples of nonpharmacological interventions. Pharmacological therapies such intra-articular injections, NSAIDs, and analgesics are examples of pain management techniques. In more severe situations, surgical procedures—including joint replacement surgery—may be taken into consideration. Although osteoarthritis is an enduring and chronic condition, individuals with it can greatly improve their quality of life and minimize their symptoms with prompt diagnosis and vigorous treatment. Better treatment strategies and ongoing research on disease processes and therapeutic approaches are contributing to the improvement of care for individuals with this condition. This research is necessary to track ongoing surveillance and research trends, identify new risk factors, and deliver targeted medicines in order to mitigate the consequences of OA on affected individuals and Bangladesh's healthcare system.