A Comprehensive Review on Factors InfluencingRestless Leg Syndrome and Its Pharmacological andNon-Pharmacological Management

Abstract

A neurological condition known as restless leg syndrome (RLS) is typified by an overwhelmingneedtomove the legs and is frequently accompanied by unpleasant feelings. By looking at several factorsthataffectthe prevalence and severity of RLS, this review seeks to investigate the multifaceted nature of thecondition.RLS is a common disorder that affects millions of people globally, but its cause is still unknown. Priorstudies have suggested that concomitant conditions including pregnancy and renal failure, ironshortage,dopaminergic dysfunction, and genetic susceptibility might all play a role in RLS. Nonetheless, thereremainsa deficiency in our knowledge of how these elements interact. This study aims to provide a thorough understanding of the diverse character of RLS by consolidatingtheavailable knowledge on variables influencing it. This review tries to clarify the intricate linksbetweengenetic, environmental, and physiological variables in the development and progressionof RLSbycombining data from various investigations. An exhaustive exploration of digital repositories was carried out to pinpoint published researchthatwaspertinent. To find papers, search terms such as "restless leg syndrome," "etiology," "riskfactors,"and"pathophysiology" were employed. Studies examining the relationship between several variables, includingas genetic, environmental, and physiological causes, and RLS were included in the inclusioncriteria.Toenumerate important discoveries and clarify recurring patterns throughout investigations, data extractionandsynthesis were carried out. The review highlights a multitude of factors influencing RLS, including genetic polymorphismsaffectingdopamine receptors and iron metabolism, environmental triggers such as medicationuseandsleepdisturbances, and comorbid conditions like peripheral neuropathy and rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover,emerging evidence suggests potential links between RLS and alterations in neurotransmitter pathways,circadian rhythm disturbances, and inflammatory processes. Understanding these diverse factorsiscrucialfor developing targeted interventions and personalized treatment approaches for individuals withRLS. To sum up, RLS is a complicated illness impacted by a wide range of physiological, environmentalvariables..