Abstract:
Anal fistula is a common condition where abnormal passages form between the anal canal and surrounding tissue. Infection, especially abscess formation, is a major cause of this condition. Traditional treatments like fistulotomy or fistulectomy are effective but can result in fecal incontinence if the muscles are involved. To prevent incontinence, sphincter-preserving techniques like Seton drainage, fibrin sealant closure, and ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) have been suggested. However, these methods have different success rates and may require multiple surgeries. Recurrent anal fistulas are even more challenging and are often associated with a higher risk of recurrence and fecal incontinence. It is important to use imaging techniques like endoanal ultrasonography and MRI to thoroughly assess the condition and plan treatment. While conventional surgical options are still common, newer techniques like LIFT and anal fistula plugs aim to minimize damage to the sphincter and preserve function. Despite promising results, there are still challenges to overcome, particularly when it comes to long-term effectiveness and recurrence rates. However, a comprehensive understanding of fistula anatomy and treatment options is essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing treatment failures. This survey aims to clarify the causes, prevalence, and treatment options for anal fistula. Additionally, it aims to improve knowledge of potential postoperative issues after anal fistula surgeries and offers solutions
