Design & Implemanation Arduino Base 2D CNC Plotting Machine

Abstract

The Arduino-based 2D CNC plotting machine is a compact and versatile tool designed for enthusiasts, students, and makers interested in exploring digital fabrication. The X, Y, and Z axes of motion determine the limited region that the Arduino plotter machine operates on, based on the theory of computer numerical control. This project's goals are to design the plotter and create open-source software to operate the apparatus. Essentially, this plotter machine's system is modeled by Solid Work software to operate with three-axis stepper motors (represented as X, Y, and Z axes). The movement of these three axes stepper motors is shielded. The machine can produce complex designs with great accuracy thanksto its configuration, which enables accurate movement along three dimensions. A pen holder or similar tool attachment is mounted on the gantry, enabling it to draw or plot on a wide range of materials, including paper and thin wood. Technically speaking, a plottable machine mirrors the functionality of a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine. Specifically, it resembles a CNC router, albeit with a writing implement in place of a cutting tool. Interestingly, this concept is built around an open-source project that was started by BCN3D Technologies, so enthusiasts can easily replicate it. This project demonstrates the development of an affordable CNC plotter machine capable of writing or drawing art on paper or small wood through a simple algorithm and readily available components. The functionality of the CNC plotting machine is governed by an Arduino microcontroller, which serves as the brain of the system. The Arduino interprets G-code commands, a standard programming language for CNC machines, and translates them into motor control signals. This enables seamless coordination between the stepper motors and the movement of the gantry, ensuring smooth and precise plotting of designs. Software plays a critical role in the operation of the CNC plotting machine. Users have the flexibility to generate or import vector graphics files, which are then converted into G-code instructions using software tools. These G-code instructions dictate the movement of the gantry and control parameters such as speed and pen pressure, allowing users to achieve their desired drawing outcomes with ease. The Arduino-based 2D CNC plotting machine offers numerous advantages over traditional methods of drawing and plotting. Its compact size and affordability make it accessible to a wide range of users, from hobbyists to students to professionals. Additionally, its open-source nature allows for customization and expansion, enabling users to tailor the machine to their specific needs and preferences.