Optimization Of Techno-Economic Parameters And Dynamic Modeling Of A Photovoltaic-Battery-Fuel Cell Hybrid Energy System Using Homer Pro And Matlab/Simulink

Abstract

This paper presents a simulation-based analysis and design of a Grid-Tied Hybrid Power System with Photovoltaic (PV) modules, Fuel Cells (FCs), and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) for clean and reliable electricity generation. The method of this work is based on the integration of economic optimization using HOMER Pro with dynamic simulation of performance in MATLAB/Simulink. The first stage HOMER Pro was used to determine the least cost system design based on set parameters such as solar irradiance, component costs, load profiles, and fuel cost, resulting in an optimized configuration consisting of a 1300 kWp PV array, a 300 kW fuel cell, 119 batteries (4.8 kWh each), and a 450 kW inverter. In the second stage, full dynamic modeling was carried out to simulate system performance under varying solar radiation, load cycling, and grid outages. These can be summarized that the proposed HES can provide a continuous power supply, a constant DC bus voltage, and efficient energy management through the intelligent control of bidirectional converters and inverters. The system shows a low Net Present Cost (NPC), a competitive Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), and an increased grid robustness, which makes it a clean, technically reliable, and economically attractive option for the integration of clean energy. This paper contributes to the HRES design by coupling economic optimization and technical simulation to enhance performance, flexibility, and sustainability.