Bandwidth and Gain Improvement of Microstrip Patch Antenna Design at 5.8 GHz Using Defected Ground Structure Technique

Abstract

This thesis focuses on improving the effectiveness and appearance of a small antenna used in modern wireless communication networks operating at 5.8 GHz. This antenna we design DGS and without DGS. A Defected Ground Structure (DGS) is a modification to the ground plane of an antenna. It involves introducing periodic or non- periodic defects (such as slots, etched patterns, or resonators) in the ground plane and an antenna without DGS typically has a simple, solid ground plane. Key performance metrics, such as S-parameters, bandwidth, VSWR, directivity, gain, radiation patterns, and radiation efficiency, are evaluated through comprehensive CST simulations. The results highlight favorable performance characteristics, including return loss values of -31.64 dB with DGS and -34.55 dB without DGS, indicating efficient power transfer and strong impedance matching. The achieved bandwidths of 240.9 MHz with DGS and 215.1 MHz without DGS surpass typical requirements for wireless communication systems, suggesting excellent performance and potential for future frequency expansion. The antenna is designed to address the need for high-speed data transmission in Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and other wireless technologies. By addressing issues related to size, bandwidth, and signal strength, the proposed antenna aims to optimize performance for small and lightweight devices. The research project begins with a thorough analysis of existing studies, examining different materials, feeding methods, and antenna designs. Advanced tools are used to simulate and analyze the antenna's design and important characteristics like radiation pattern, bandwidth, and signal loss. The proposed antenna shows promising applications in Internet of Things (IoT) devices, wireless communication systems, and other emerging technologies that rely on stable high-frequency connections. This thesis provides valuable insights for researchers, engineers, and professionals working in antenna design and wireless communication.