Analysis of the Physical Properties of Solid Waste from Three Different Buildings

Abstract

This study examines the physical characteristics of solid waste—namely moisture content and bulk density—produced in three specific locations at Daffodil International University: the Civil Engineering Building (A1), Yunus Khan Scholar Garden 2 (A2), and Food Court 2 (A3). The study seeks to evaluate the impact of these physical factors on suitable disposal options and to propose location-specific waste management procedures. Waste samples were collected over a ten-day period and analyzed using normal laboratory protocols to ascertain moisture content using oven-drying methods and bulk density based on mass-to-volume ratios. The results demonstrated considerable diversity among the three locations. A1 produced primarily dry, recyclable trash with an average moisture level of 12.7% and modest bulk density. A2 demonstrated the greatest moisture content (47.7%) and bulk density (194.7 kg/m3), owing to the substantial quantity of food and organic waste. A3 generated heterogeneous trash characterized by intermediate moisture content and low density, indicative of the impact of food packaging and plastic use. The research advocates for a zone-specific waste management strategy: recycling for dry academic trash, composting for organic residential waste, and integrated treatment for mixed commercial garbage. This research highlights the significance of defining physical waste characteristics to develop efficient, sustainable, and economical disposal systems in institutional environments. The results demonstrated considerable diversity in the physical composition of garbage and underscored the elevated moisture content as a constraining factor in conventional landfill and open dumping practices. This paper advocates for incineration as a feasible and energy-efficient method for garbage disposal, particularly appropriate for the regulated institutional setting of a university. Incineration provides a sustainable solution to waste management concerns in private institutions by optimizing energy recovery and minimizing landfill reliance. The paper closes with actionable recommendations for the implementation of an incineration- based system and advocates for regulatory assistance to guarantee environmental compliance and energy efficiency.