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In recent years, the current trend in commercial and government communication systems has
been to develop low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining
high performance over a large spectrum of frequencies. This technological trend has focused
much effort into the design of microstrip patch antennas. With a simple geometry, patch
antennas offer many advantages not commonly exhibited in other antenna configurations. For
example, they are extremely low profile, lightweight, simple and inexpensive to fabricate using
modern day printed circuit board technology, compatible with microwave and millimeter-wave
integrated circuits (MMIC) and have the ability to conform to planar and non-planar surfaces.
In addition, once the shape and operating mode of the patch are selected, designs become very
versatile in terms of operating frequency, polarization, pattern, and impedance. The variety in
design that is possible with microstrip antennas probably exceeds that of any other type of
antenna element. However, standard rectangular microstrip patch antenna also has the
drawbacks of narrow bandwidth. Researchers have made many efforts to overcome this
problem and many configurations have been presented to extend the bandwidth. |
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