Abstract:
In modern communication networks, the smart antenna has been one of the most applied
technologies. Instead of conventional antennas, Smart antenna, which is also called a digitally
beam-formed array. Antenna beamforming system offers high guidance, narrow beamwidth, small
side-lobes, point-to-point patterns, and preferred-pattern features. There is much application of the
fastest algorithms like Satellite communication, Terrestrial communication, RADAR, SONAR,
Hydrology, Climatography, Ecology, etc. There is a requirement in radar to fastest object detection
which depends on the fastest converging method. If the converging method is fast we will detect
the object as fast as possible. Especially adaptive beam-forming is required where signals are
dynamically rich; the angle of arrival of which is changing continuously over time. It has been a
challenge to maintain an effective convergence rate and a low mean distortion of quadrature error
for adaptive beamforming. In this thesis, several adaptive techniques are analyzed to determine the
fastest adaptive algorithm and low mean distortion of the square error. For the fastest convergence,
the ALMS adaptive beamforming is proposed. Extensive numerical simulation tests are used to
verify the proposed strategy.
Description:
Wireless communication is the fastest-growing segment of the communication industry by any
measure. Some common wireless communication advantages include improved efficiency,
increased flexibility, wide coverage area, user mobility, low cost, etc.[1]. The world has been
influenced by wireless communication in many important ways, such as health care, environmental
protection, entertainment, social media and education, defense and security, telephony, space
technology, etc. The antenna is one of the main components of the wireless communication
network. It is the basic component for electro-magnetic signal transmission and receiving.
An antenna is simply a component of radiation. It is a tool that converts electrical power to waves
of radio and vice versa[2]. The dictionary of Webster describes antenna as "a typically metallic
device (as a rod or wire) for radiating or receiving radio waves." The IEEE Standard Definitions
of Antenna Terms (IEEE Std 1445–1983) defines an antenna or aerial device as "a means of
radiating or receiving radio waves." Single-Element antenna performance is somewhat limited.
Narrow beamwidth, low sidelobes, point-to-point and preferred-coverage pattern characteristics
of antenna arrays are used to obtain high directivity. An antenna array is an assembly of individual
radiating antennas in an electrical and geometric configuration[1-2]. Antenna arrays have replaced
conventional dipole, monopole, or folded dipole antenna in recent years. There are a variety of
antenna components in the antenna array. The main features of an array are that, relative to dipole
antennas, it offers a higher angle, lower SLL and also wider beamwidth[3]. The idea of an antenna
array was used in the 1940s for the first time in military applications[4]. This innovation was
important in wireless communications as it enhanced the patterns of antenna reception and
transmission used in these systems.