Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders
characterized by a high blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) over a prolonged period
of time. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar
hyperglycemic state or death. Serious long-term complications include
cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, damage to the
nerves, damage to the eyes and cognitive impairment. Diabetes is due to either the
pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding
properly to the insulin produced. Insulin is a hormone which is responsible for
helping glucose from food get into cells to be used for energy. In 2014, 8.5% of
adults aged 18 years and older had diabetes. In 2019, diabetes was the direct cause
of 1.5 million deaths and 48% of all deaths due to diabetes occurred before the age
of 70 years. Between 2000 and 2016, there was a 5% increase in premature mortality
rates from diabetes. In high-income countries the premature mortality rate due to
diabetes decreased from 2000 to 2010 but then increased in 2010-2016. In lowermiddle-
income countries, the premature mortality rate due to diabetes increased
across both periods. By contrast, the probability of dying from any one of the four
main noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic
respiratory diseases or diabetes) between the ages of 30 and 70 decreased by 18%
globally between 2000 and 2016. Diabetes is a serious, chronic disease that occurs
either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates
blood glucose) or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces.
Raised blood glucose, a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes may over time lead
to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. More than
400 million people live with diabetes. Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as
diabetes, is a metabolic disease. The hormone insulin moves sugar from the blood
into our cells to be stored or used for energy. With diabetes, our body either doesn’t
make enough insulin or can’t effectively use the insulin it does make.
