Neovascularization: Its Molecular Basis and Therapeutic Approaches for Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

A disorder that affects the heart or blood vessels is referred to as cardiovascular disease (CVD). The development of fatty deposition within the arteries (atherosclerosis) and a higher chance of blood clots are typically connected with it. It may also be linked to artery damage in several organs, including the kidneys, eyes, brain, and heart. With high rates of morbidity and death, CVD is a significant healthcare and financial issue on a global scale. Mainly, the importance of the neovascularization and its therapeutic approach for different cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been focused in this review. CVDs include coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, and aortic (thoracic or abdominal) atherosclerosis. There are over 60 published papers (from anytime) were described in which possible findings for, Integrated biological concept of neovascularization, vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, molecular mechanisms of neovascularization, VEGF, PDGF, FGF, MicroRNAs, Progress in vasculogenesis/angiogenesis/arteriogenesis as natural bypass therapy of cardiovascular disease. Despite improvements in surgical and percutaneous revascularization methods, close to one-third of patients with ischemic coronary artery disease are either ineligible for revascularization because of their unfavorable anatomical conditions or obtain unfavorable revascularization from these basic methods. Besides the fact that neovascularization of the myocardium a physiological reaction to ischemia, but it may also be the focus of novel therapeutic approaches. Further research into the vascular environment and endothelial dysfunction are nonetheless motivated by the failure to convert these improvements into people. We have to reconsider our treatment strategy in light of the knowledge that conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia not only put individuals at risk for coronary artery disease but also thwarted our endeavors at neovascularization therapy. Prospects for therapeutic neovascularization involve treatments that combine enhancement of the vascular environment, enhanced endothelial activity, and other vascular formation and development-related factors. This article will explore emerging approaches for cardiovascular regeneration and therapeutic angiogenesis in addition to the cellular and molecular processes of neovascularization.