Thyroid Related Disorders and Relation with Vitamin D Level

Abstract

The thyroid is a butterfly shape due to the gland consisting of two lobes that are connected by a piece of tissue called isthmus. And each lobe is filled that contain hormones the body needs to function. The thyroid gland secretes hormone that help regulates the body's metabolism (the way it uses energy). They are two hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, called Tri-iodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4). Tri-iodothyronine (T3) has three iodine atoms whereas Thyroxine (T4) has four iodine atoms. T4 is a more active hormone that has an impact on growth and development, metabolism, body temperature and heart rate. The body converts T4 into T3 as needed. While the removal of one iodine atom from T4 leads to creation of 80% of T3, it generated by the removal of one iodine atom from T4 a process called deiodination. They are latent until they are isolated from the protein, the thyroid gland utilizes protein and iodine from to deliver these hormones. The amount of thyroid hormone produced and given is generally by the pituitary gland. The small organ, located near the base cerebrum, controls a few organs in the body in addition to the thyroid. The pituitary gland is limited by hormones released by the hypothalamus, which place constraints on it (part of the base of the brain extremely close to the pituitary organ). The hypothalamus releases hormones that inhibit the pituitary gland's ability to function (part of the base of the brain extremely close to the pituitary organ). When the brain recognizes a deficiency in thyroid hormones, it releases TRH (thyrotrophic-releasing hormone), which encourages the pituitary gland to release TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), which causes the thyroid gland to manufacture and distribute thyroid hormone. Thyroid hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid hormone overreacts and produces too much thyroid hormone (over-active).Hypothyroidism is a disorder in which the thyroid gland is underactive and generates too much thyroid hormone.